How deceptive online networks reached millions in the US 2020 elections – Nature

Data availability De-identified data from this study are stored in the Social Media Archive (SOMAR) housed by ICPSR. This is accessible for university research approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) related to elections, or for the purpose of validating the results of this study. ICPSR will handle and vet all applications requesting access to these data. Data access is controlled to protect the privacy of the study participants and to be consistent with the consent form signed by study participants. Requests for data can be made via SOMAR. The data for this paper are based on the following datasets stored in SOMAR: https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/87, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/88, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/89, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/90, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/91, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/92, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/93, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/94, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/95, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/96, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/97, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/98, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/99, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/100, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/101, https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/102 and https://socialmediaarchive.org/record/103. In addition, we used public data sources for generating map plots and cleaning emojis in hashtags. In particular, for the world map in the main text, the ggplot2 package map_data function relies on world map data from https://www.naturalearthdata.com. We also downloaded centroid data from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gavinr/world-countries-centroids/master/dist/countries.csv. For the Congressional district maps in the supplementary repository, we used a Congressional district shapefile from https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/GENZ2020/shp/cb_2020_us_cd116_20m.zipand Congressional district code file from https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/codes/files/national_cd113.txt. To clean emojis in hashtags, we used Unicode data to filter
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